The Bean Dealer

Different types of coffee beans and how to store them

Let’s spill the beans about coffee beans, are they really beans? No they’re not. Coffee plants are small shrubs or trees. These plants produce red, yellow and purple berries. Inside these berries there are seeds. Yes that’s right, coffee beans are seeds! Why are they called beans and not seeds? Probably because they look more like beans than seeds, especially once they’re roasted.

Can these seeds be used to plant more trees?

Yes of course. When they’re not roasted they can be used to plant more trees. Depending on the plant it may take between 3 to 4 years to produce fruit. And these plants can live somewhere between 20-30 years.

Where does coffee grow?

The coffee belt.. Basically countries located near the equator. Countries in South America, Central America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and South Africa. Coffee cherry plants need tropical climate for growing and producing fruit. The area where the coffee is grown and the surrounding conditions like the air quality and elevation will influence flavour.

Now can you guess where the highest production of coffee comes from?

Italy?

Colombia?

Brazil?

Costa Rica?

The correct answer is… Brazil. The geography of this beautiful country makes it ideal for growing coffee. Brazil supply around a third of the worlds coffee. Producing around 40 to 60 million bags annually. Thank you Brazil!

Different types of coffee beans

There are four different types of coffee beans:

• Arabica

• Robusta

• Liberica

• Excelsa

Arabica

The most popular type of coffee bean originated centuries ago in the highlands of Ethiopia. These beans are actually harder to grow which makes them pricier. They require more care than other beans and the plant is smaller.

Why are these beans so popular?

Well because they’re considered the most high quality variety. They have a smooth complex flavour and lack bitterness. Arabica beans offer different and distinc tasting notes depending on where they’re grown. They’re known and praised for their natural sweetness. They can exhibit a range of sweet flavour notes, including floral, fruity and nutty notes. Also hints of caramel, chocolate, honey, or even spices like cinnamon.

Did you know? Arabica beans make up 60-80% of the world’s coffee.

Robusta

The second most popular, it originates from sub Saharan Africa. Mainly grown in Africa and Indonesia. These beans are smaller and more rounded. While The plant grows larger than arabica plants and are considered a hardier plant because they can grow at lower altitudes hotter climates and resist diseases. Robusta beans contain more caffeine. The reason for this is that the plant develops more caffeine as a defence mechanism against pests. The taste of Robusta beans is more bitter than arabica, and it often has a strong smell and robust flavour. The characteristics of its flavour profile are earthy and woody notes. This can be reminiscent of dark chocolate, tobacco, or even nutty undertones. Robusta beans are favoured for their ability to produce a rich and thick layer of crema, the foam that tops an espresso shot.

Did you know? Instant coffee is typically 100% robusta coffee.

Liberica

Liberica coffee beans originated in West Africa and was later introduced to other regions, including Southeast Asia. It is primarily cultivated in countries such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Liberia. Liberica trees are larger than other species, reaching heights of up to 20 metres. Liberica coffee beans have a distinct and bold flavour profile. Often described as woody and smoky in aroma, with full-bodied taste that can range from fruity and floral to earthy and nutty. It is often considered less acidic and more robust compared to other common varieties. These beans are less widely available compared to Arabica and Robusta, they make up a small percentage of the gobal coffee market.

Did you know? In the Philippines, Liberica coffee is considered part of the country’s coffee heritage and its valued for its unique taste and cultural significance.

Excelsa

Also known as Coffea excelsa was previously considered a separate species of coffee but has since been classified as a variety of Liberica coffee. It shares some similarities with Liberica beans but also possesses distinct characteristics. Excelsa coffee originated in Southeast Asia. It is typically grown in regions with warmer climates and is known for its ability to thrive in diverse environments. These beans have a unique flavour profile often described as having a complex and distinctive taste that combines fruity, tart, and floral notes. These beans are known for its multidimensional flavour profile, making it an intriguing choice for coffee connoisseurs.

Did you know? Excelsa beans are sometimes used as a blending component in coffee blends to add complexity and depth to the overall flavour profile. Blending Excelsa with other coffee varieties can create unique and well-balanced blends that appeal to a range of tastes.

Now that you know about the different types of coffee beans, let’s talk about how to store our coffee beans so that they stay as fresh as possible.

How to store coffee beans to keep them fresh?

It is important that you store coffee beans properly to preserve their flavour and aroma. Here are some tips for storing coffee beans, these are the guidelines we follow to keep our coffee beans fresh:

1. Use an airtight container: Transfer your coffee beans to an airtight container that seals tightly. Opt for containers made of glass or ceramic with airtight lids. Avoid using plastic containers as they may absorb odours and affect the flavour of the coffee.

2. Keep away from Air, Light, Heat, and Moisture: Exposure to air, light, heat, and moisture can degrade the quality of coffee beans. Store the airtight container in a cool, dry, and dark place, such as a pantry or cupboard, away from direct sunlight, heat sources and moisture.

3. Avoid Freezing or Refrigerating: Contrary to the popular belief, it is generally not recommended to store coffee beans in the freezer or refrigerator. The moisture and fluctuating temperatures can negatively impact the beans’ flavour and texture.

4. Grind Before Brewing: For the freshest flavour, it’s best to grind your coffee beans just before brewing. Whole beans retain their freshness longer than pre-ground coffee. This way, you can enjoy the full aromatic experience of freshly ground coffee.

5. Purchase in Small Batches: Whenever possible, buy coffee beans in small quantities that you can consume within a few weeks. This helps ensure that you are using the beans while they are still fresh and their peak flavour.

By following these storage guidelines, you can maintain the freshness and flavour of your coffee beans for an extended period, allowing you to enjoy a delightful cup of coffee each time you brew.